King Gyanendra Shah was the last reigning monarch of Nepal, serving two non-consecutive terms.Gyanendra became king twice in Nepal’s history:
First Reign (1950–1951): Gyanendra was crowned as king at the age of 3, after the political upheaval that led to his father, King Tribhuvan, seeking asylum in India. However, his reign was short-lived, as the monarchy was restored in 1951 when his father returned to the throne. Gyanendra was then sent to India for his education.
Second Reign (2001–2008): Gyanendra ascended the throne again in 2001 following the tragic royal massacre, in which his brother King Birendra and most of the royal family were killed. Gyanendra became king at the age of 54. His second reign was marked by growing political instability, protests, and a growing demand for democracy. In 2005, he took control of the government through a royal coup, dismissing the elected government and taking direct rule, which led to widespread opposition.
Amid ongoing political unrest and pressure from Maoist insurgents, as well as the 2006 People’s Movement (Jana Andolan II), which called for the restoration of democracy, Gyanendra was forced to give up his direct rule and reinstate the parliament. Nepal eventually became a federal democratic republic in 2008, and the monarchy was abolished, officially ending Gyanendra's reign.
After the monarchy was abolished, Gyanendra became a private citizen. He continues to live in Nepal, though without any official role in the country’s governance.